溴甲酚紫-十六烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵法测定废水中阴离子表面活性剂含量

采用溴甲酚紫-十六烷基二甲基苄基溴化铵法测定洗涤剂工业的生产废水或生活污水中阴离子表面活性剂的含量。实验表明:适合的溶液pH为8,测定波长λmax为588nm,在十六烷基二甲基苄基溴离子质量浓度为15.0mg/mL的条件下,十二烷基苯磺酸钠质量浓度在0—50μg/mL范围内符合比耳定律,其摩尔吸光系数为3.48×104L/(mol·cm),该方法的相对标准偏差小于4%,试样加标平均回收率为96%-102%。该法可用于测定工业废水、河流等环境水样中的阴离子表面活性剂含量。     

分光光度法测定底质总磷的方法探讨

在一定条件下,用硫酸和过氧化氢进行消解,使不溶性磷酸盐和有机磷转化为正磷酸盐,待测液与钼酸盐反应生成磷钼杂多酸,加入还原剂抗坏血酸后转变成蓝色络合物,进行比色测定。实验表明,该方法回收率为93．4％～99．7％,检出限为0．009mg／L,RSD为4．0％。方法简便、可靠,能满足环境监测底质总磷分析的需要。     

紫外消毒系统的应用及其研究进展

介绍了紫外消毒系统的一般结构,综述了消毒反应器的发展及分类,讨论了国内外常用的消毒反应器结构,提出未采设计消毒系统的研究重点.     

Determining short chain fatty acids in sewage sludge hydrolysate：A comparison of three analytical methods and investigation of sample storage effects

In anaerobic digestion, the production of short-chain fatty acids （SCFAs） can be beneficial or harmful to the overall process, depending on the concentration of accumulated acids. Therefore, the accurate determination of the SCFA concentration in both fresh and stored sludge hydrolysates is important. To select a suitable method for monitoring SCFAs during the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge, the accuracy of three available analytical methods, including 5 pH point acid titration （TITRA5）, gas chromatography （GC）, and spectrophotometry, were compared in the present study. The results revealed that TITRA5 and GC displayed better agreement in the achieved measurements and higher precision and accuracy than the spectrophotometric assay, as supported by the application of different statistical models. TITRA5 excelled in titrating unfiltered hydrolysate while simultaneously measuring the alkalinity, whereas the GC method provided detailed information on the contribution of different fatty acids to the total acidity. In contrast, the spectrophotometric assay suffered from many forms of interference, depending on the sample＇s matrix. SCFA production followed the pattern of enzymatic reactions and fitted the Michaelis-Menten model. In addition to promoting TITRA5 as an accurate and robust analytical tool for routine SCFA analyses, this comparative study also demonstrated the possibility of storing hydrolysate samples at different temperatures and durations without altering the SCFA measurements.     

大庆油田采油污水对斑马鱼过氧化氢酶的影响研究

为研究大庆油田采油污水对生物过氧化氢酶（Catalase,CAT）的毒性效应,判定采油污水对生物体的损害程度.以斑马鱼为实验材料,利用大庆油田不同稀释倍数（66.7倍、52.6倍、33.3倍）的采油污水胁迫培养斑马鱼,通过紫外分光光度法测定斑马鱼的不同部位CAT的变化情况,研究采油污水对斑马鱼毒性效应.结果表明,在相同的处理时间和环境条件下,随着采油污水稀释倍数的减小,斑马鱼的不同部位的CAT含量呈增加趋势,当达到一定稀释倍数时CAT的增长发生抑制,CAT含量减少,斑马鱼的生理状况也随之产生变化,甚至死亡.为此需要重视对大庆油田采油污水排放的监管、规范和治理.     

催化动力学光度法测定工业废水中的Cr（Ⅵ）

采用β-环糊精作为H₂O₂氧化茜素红褪色反应的增敏剂,建立了催化动力学光度法测定工业废水中Cr（Ⅵ）的新方法。该方法最佳反应条件为：反应体系总体积25 mL,0.1 mol/L的H₂SO₄溶液加入量2.0 mL,1.0×10^-3 mol/L茜素红溶液加入量1.5 mL,30%的H₂O₂溶液加入量4.0 mL,100 g/L的β-环糊精溶液加入量3.0 mL。在最大吸收波长554 nm处测定反应前后溶液的吸光度,Cr（Ⅵ）的质量浓度与吸光度差值（ΔA）在4.0×10^-4~5.4×10^-2 mg/L范围内符合比尔定律,线性回归方程为：ΔA=18.52ρ+ 0.018,相关系数为0.996 6,检出限为3.5×10^-4 mg/L,加标回收率为99.46%~101.3%,6次测定的相对标准偏差小于等于2.4%。该法的测定结果与GB/T 7467-1987中的二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法相近。     

Removal of fluorescence and ultraviolet absorbance of dissolved organic matter in reclaimed water by solar light

Storing reclaimed water in lakes is a widely used method of accommodating changes in the consumption of reclaimed water during wastewater reclamation and reuse. Solar light serves as an important function in degrading pollutants during storage, and its effect on dissolved organic matter(DOM) was investigated in this study. Solar light significantly decreased the UV_(254) absorbance and fluorescence(FLU) intensity of reclaimed water.However, its effect on the dissolved organic carbon(DOC) value of reclaimed water was very limited. The decrease in the UV_(254) absorbance intensity and FLU excitation–emission matrix regional integration volume(FLU volume) of reclaimed water during solar light irradiation was fit with pseudo-first order reaction kinetics. The decrease of UV_(254) absorbance was much slower than that of the FLU volume. Ultraviolet light in solar light had a key role in decreasing the UV_(254) absorbance and FLU intensity during solar light irradiation. The light fluence-based removal kinetic constants of the UV_(254) and FLU intensity were independent of light intensity. The peaks of the UV_(254) absorbance and FLU intensity with an apparent molecular weight(AMW) of 100 Da to 2000 Da decreased after solar irradiation, whereas the DOC value of the major peaks did not significantly change.     

分光光度法测定大气中的过氧化物

采用液氮冷冻法采集大气中的过氧化物,并用分光光度法测定其浓度.研究中对大气采样条件和样品测定条件进行了探讨,并将测定结果与高压液相色谱法的测定结果进行了对比.在野外大气监测中应用该方法测定了长江三角洲地区大气中过氧化物浓度及日变化规律.结果表明,分光光度法显色稳定,灵敏度高,检测下限为7.92×10-8mol/L,可用于测定大气中的H2O2和有机过氧化物,是一种操作方便,易于推广的方法.     

溴甲酚绿－溴化十六烷基吡啶光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂

建立溴甲酚绿（ＢＣＧ）－溴化十六烷基吡啶（ＣＰＢ）光度法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂的方法。实验表明，最适合的ｐＨ范围为５．５－９．０，λｍａｘ＝６１４ｎｍ，在８６μｇＣＰＢ存在下，十二烷基苯磺酸钠（ＳＤＢＳ）和十二烷基硫酸钠（ＳＤＳ）分别在０－８０μｇ／１０ｍｌ和０－７５μｇ／１０ｍｌ范围内符合比耳定律，其表观摩尔吸光系数分别为２．９×１０４和３．１×１０４Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１。用此法测定了河水和生活废水中的阴离子表面活性剂，相对标准偏差＜３．０％，样品加标平均回收率为９９．３％。